In case of ingestion by a human, contact a physician immediately. At the discretion of the veterinarian, cats 6 months of age may be tested to determine the presence of existing heartworm infections before beginning treatment with Revolution. Stay current with the latest techniques and information sign up below to start your FREE Todays Veterinary Practice subscription today. Can I give my pet a bath after applying Revolution? Revolution is also used on dogs for the treatment or prevention of the American Dog Tick, and canine sarcoptic mange. If you receive a package that has an expiration date, please call our team of experts as well as Amazon as this may be a counterfeit product. And if you loved saving money (being here at ozbargain) then you wouldn't repeat such emotional tripe. Revolution Plus. Efficacy of macrocyclic lactones decreases below 100% in dogs, however, if first administered >2 months after exposure to infective larvae. In humans, Revolution may be irritating to skin and eyes. If my pet was REALLY ill then I would NOT use any expired medication. There is no specific monitoring that needs to be done while your pet is taking this medication. American Heartworm Society. Its safe to say, the information we received will be priceless to many pet parents out there. 15. Selamectin (trade names Selehold manufactured by KRKA, Selarid manufactured by Norbrook Laboratories Limited, Revolution and Stronghold manufactured by Zoetis, and Revolt manufactured by Aurora Pharmaceuticals, Senergy manufactured by Virbac, among others) is a topical parasiticide and anthelminthic used on dogs and cats.It treats and prevents infections of heartworms, fleas, ear mites . If you see fleas on your cat, they are most likely new adult fleas that will die very quickly. When used in cats, parasites treated by selamectin include fleas, heartworms, ear mites, hookworms, and roundworms, with some possible effectiveness against ear mites. In humans, Revolution may be irritating to skin and eyes. This blog takes. It is important to note that the labeled doses of FDA-approved heartworm prevention products are safe, even in homozygous mutant dogs. Revolution is a topical treatment that protects cats from multiple parasites, such as fleas, heartworms, roundworms, hookworms, and ear mites. A clinical trial investigating a single topical dose of selamectin versus a one-time subcutaneous injection of ivermectin found that both treatments were successful at eliminating T caviae mites. In the clinical field trials ears were not cleaned, and many animals still had debris in their ears after the second dose. Avoid contact between the product and fingers. She is currently a clinical assistant professor in the veterinary physiology and pharmacology department at Texas A&M University. Stronghold is an antiparasitic medicine that contains the active substance selamectin. [citation needed] This would be a reaction due to undetected or underestimated infections prior to using the medication, rather than an actual allergic reaction to the drug itself. The most common ectoparasite infesting guinea pigs is the skin mite Trixacarus caviae,12 which causes intense pruritus. Generic name: selamectin solution Here's what the pharmacy profession (staunch supporter of the regulation) argues: Because we don't test drugs at the time of dispensing, we don't know whether they're still as good as the manufacturers say they are. Pullins A, McTier TL, Mahabir S, et al. Mammals do not have glutamate-gated chloride channels and are thus spared the life-threatening effects of avermectin binding. Revolution (selamectin) is a parasiticide, a monthly topical treatment for dogs and cats to treat and prevent parasites. for a summary of the labeled indications for selamectin in dogs and cats. Boy MG, Six RH, Thomas CA, et al. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. It's wrong! Acta Vet Scand. A 2006 study of 122 drugs tested by the program showed that two-thirds of the expired medications were stable every time a lot was tested. Zoonoses of rabbits and rodents. Its primary ingredient, Selamectin, kills fleas, ticks, ear mites, and various worms (including heartworms). Medication still in powder form is probably still good for 1 to 2 years beyond the expiration on . It can be nearly impossible to tell when the chemical stability of a product is altered. When replacing another heartworm preventive product in a heartworm disease prevention program, the first dose of Revolution must be given within a month of the last dose of the former medication. Do not apply to broken skin Revolution contains alcohol. As nontraditional pets grow in popularity, veterinarians are faced with treatment decisions in species for which there are little to no pharmacologic data. Cookie Notice In terms of actual drug doses, each of the 2.8-5.5 lb doses is 15mg of selamectin and 2.5 mg sarolaner. Revolution kills adult fleas and prevents flea eggs from hatching for one month and is indicated for the prevention and control of flea infestations (Ctenocephalides felis), prevention of heartworm disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis, and the treatment and control of ear mite (Otodectes cynotis) infestations. Unfortunately it looks like it will in some mammals, namely our pets, and causes the same poisoning as it does to fleas! In cats, do not bathe within the first 24 hours of application. A second monthly dose may be required in some dogs. What I would suggest is, check the product label carefully before you use the product. American Heartworm Society. Since selamectin is available only in a topical formulation, it is not as subject to significant oral overdose potential as may be seen with other avermectin products.4. Prevention of experimentally induced heartworm (, 9. NADA 141-152, Approved by FDA, For dogs 5.1-10 lbs in weight and at least 6 weeks of age, Three single-dose tubes each containing 0.25 mL (30 mg) of selamectin, For cats 5.1-15 lbs in weight and at least 8 weeks of age, Three single-dose tubes each containing 0.75 mL (45 mg) of selamectin, Administer once a month Revolution kills adult fleas and prevents flea eggs from hatching. Feline heartworm disease is more difficult to diagnose than canine heartworm disease, and clinical signs in cats may be mistaken for respiratory or gastrointestinal disease.20 While topical selamectin shields cats and dogs from heartworm disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis, there is mounting evidence that there are populations of D immitis resistant to conventional macrocyclic lactones in dogs.21 The role of macrocyclic lactone resistance and the relationship to D immitis are relatively unknown in cats.21 Using an experimentally formulated combination of topical selamectin and sarolaner, researchers employed by Zoetis assessed the efficacy of various dosing regimens against a macrocyclic lactoneresistant strain of D immitis. Vet Parasitol. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Selamectin (UK-124114) is a novel macrocyclic lactone of the avermectin class. Revolution controls tick infestations only due to the American Dog Tick (Dermacentor variabilis), a tick commonly found on dogs. Each individual drug has its own unique shelf life determined by the manufacturer. Revolution is recommended for use in dogs six weeks of age or older and cats eight weeks of age and older for the following parasites and indications: Revolution kills adult fleas and prevents flea eggs from hatching for one month and is indicated for the prevention and control of flea infestations (Ctenocephalides felis), prevention of heartworm disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis, and the treatment and control of ear mite (Otodectes cynotis) infestations. What else should I know about Revolution? The chemical composition of selamectin is (5Z,25S)-25-cyclohexyl-4'-O-de(2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl--L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-5-demethoxy-25-de(1-methylpropyl)-22,23-dihydro-5-hydroxyiminoavermectin A1a. Just one application of the powerful active ingredient Selamectin treats and controls fleas, hookworm, roundworm, and ear . In a topical safety study conducted with avermectin-sensitive collies at 1, 3 and 5 times the recommended dose of Revolution, salivation was observed in all treatment groups, including the vehicle control. Revolution (selamectin) is a simple monthly topical medication demonstrated safe to protect your dog or cat from heartworm disease, fleas, and ear mites. Revolution Topical Prescribing Information. There have also been rare reports of seizures in dogs. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Expiration dates on veterinary drugs are important because, as time marches on, drugs lose efficacy and potency due to chemical changes that take place. The active ingredient Selamectin is a highly strong parasiticide interferes with the nervous system . Recommended for use in dogs 6 weeks of age and older and in cats 8 weeks of age and older. Its the advantage 18 topical solution. In November 2018, the FDA approved Revolution Plus (selamectin and sarolaner topical solution; Zoetis. ) Dr. Patty Khuly 5-in-1 Protection for Cats: Fleas, Heartworms, Roundworms, Hookworms and Ear Mites. This being the law and all that. Skin diseases in companion guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus): a retrospective study of 293 cases seen at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California at Davis (1990-2015). It is unique in the avermectin class as it is applied topically and not administered orally. These compounds effectively prevent the development of adult heartworms when administered to dogs and cats within one month of exposure to infective (L3 ) Dirofilaria immitis larvae. Monthly use of Revolution will control any subsequent sarcoptic mange mite infestations. McTier TL, Shanks DJ, Watson P, et al. 9. It has been used in the successful treatment of notoedric mange, nasal mites, cheyletiellosis and . McTier TL, Shanks DJ, Watson P, et al. The medicine absorbs into the pet's skin and enters its circulatory system so that any biting insects die instantly. Once the flea population is controlled you will be less likely to see fleas. Revolution (selamectin) Topical Parasiticide is available as a colorless to yellow, ready to use solution in single dose tubes for topical (dermal) treatment of dogs six weeks of age and older and cats eight weeks of age and older. preventing tooth decay. Prevention of experimentally induced heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infections in dogs and cats with a single topical application of selamectin. For the treatment of ear mite (O. cynotis) infestations in dogs and cats, Revolution should be administered once as a single topical dose. The content of each tube is formulated to provide a minimum of 2.7 mg/lb (6 mg/kg) of body weight of selamectin. The expiration date is always one year out unless the manufacturer's expiration date precedes it. All medications have an expiration date on their label. summarizes how the addition of sarolaner changes the overall product profile. Store below 30C (86F). Do not expose this medication to fire as it is flammable. Dr. Patterson completed her small animal rotating internship and small animal internal medicine residency at Texas A&M University and became a diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (Small Animal Internal Medicine) in 2015. This medication should take effect within 4 to 8 hours, and will reach full effectiveness within the first week. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. These compounds effectively prevent the development of adult heartworms when administered to dogs and cats within one month of exposure to infective (L3) Dirofilaria immitis larvae. Before you use any liquid medication make sure that the color is the same and there are no abnormalities. Because people probably store animal medications even more carelessly than their own, and 2. Which means the same is true for veterinarians, seeing as we're required to comply with pharmacy laws, too. 2012;241(8):1056-1058. Efficacy of a new topical formulation containing selamectin plus sarolaner against three common tick species infesting cats in the United States. Administer the entire contents of a single dose tube (or two tubes used in combination for dogs weighing over 130 pounds) of Revolution Topically in accordance with the following tables. Also, we hope the above information will help you be more alert when it comes to pet care. A kitten, estimated to be 56 weeks old (0.3 kg), died 8 hours after receiving a single treatment of Revolution at the recommended dosage. Vet Parasitol. Our customer service department gets a lot of emails from dog lovers about every type of question you can imagine about dogs. Though I'd never heard of this law, it seems pharmacists are required to attach a one-year expiration date to all of the drugs they dispense. Yes. And it's not consumer friendly. But this is not a medication that will last long. 6 Pet Medication Storage Tips to Avoid Danger, Off Label Use of Drugs in Veterinary Medicine, Holistic Medicine and How it Can Help Your Pet, Don't Make These Dangerous Mistakes With Your Pet's Medicine. Discard empty tubes in your ordinary household refuse. Higher doses were not tested. There's one big thing that it doesn't do, however: kill flea eggs and larvae. zoetisus.com/products/cats/revolution-plus. While selamectin has been on the market for the past 20 years, its daily use has evolved thanks to new studies, popular pocket pets, and emerging infectious concerns. Revolution is a monthly liquid medication that is made for cats and dogs. 2000;91(3-4):233-250. Vet Parasitol. Fishy smelling, right? It was developed by Pfizer (now Zoetis) and approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1999 with the trade names Revolution and Stronghold. Based on the data from all of the studies, the sarolanerselamectin combination product was effective against the current tick infestation and prevented reinfestation with all tick species for 4 weeks. I dont know. It is available as a spot-on solution in 2 different concentrations (6% and 12%) and in tubes of various strengths (15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 240 and 360 mg).The concentration and the strength to use depends on the weight and species of the animal being treated. The Irreverent Veterinarian is a columnist that regularly contributes to PetPlace.com. The 5.6-11 lb dose contains 30 mg of selamectin and 5.0 mg of sarolaner. Availability and Administration of Selamectin. If you've been slack with that then you're best not using revolution and get a flea only product before getting a heartworm test on the dog. Revolution Plus, a selamectin and sarolaner topical solution, provides coverage against a variety of important parasites in cats. Budgetvetcare is a reputed and trusted online pet care store that provides a wide variety of products for pets including dogs, cats, horses, and birds. against a macrocyclic lactoneresistant strain of, While selamectin has been on the market for the past 20 years, its daily use has evolved thanks to new studies, popular pocket pets, and emerging infectious concerns. Ivermectin sensitivity in collies is associated with a deletion mutation of the MDR1 gene. For dogs, it can take up to 5 days to kill most ticks that are present. It paralyses and/or kills a wide range of invertebrate parasites through interference with their chloride channel conductance causing disruption of normal neurotransmission and has adulticidal, ovicidal and larvicidal activity . Read between the lines: We don't want to be legally responsible. Your veterinarian is best suited to discuss and recommend appropriate medications for your dog or cat. It does NOT mean that the product becomes ineffective or useless on that date. It is structurally related to ivermectin and milbemycin. Efficacy and safety of selamectin against fleas and heartworms in dogs and cats presented as veterinary patients in North America. There is no expiration date specified on the box or on the tube. Sometimes, though rarely, changes can take place that cause the medication to be harmful to your pet. It is not worth the risk of a reaction or problem from using expired medications. Expired mouthwash may contain bacteria and rancid ingredients, making it unsafe for use. Cats are also notoriously difficult to medicate (whether via oral or topical route), and many owners may balk at the idea of a regularly scheduled medication administration date with their cat. We work passionately towards providing all our pet parents the best ever care for their beloved pets. If a dose is missed and a monthly interval between dosing is exceeded then immediate administration of Revolution and resumption of monthly dosing will minimize the opportunity for the development of adult heartworms. CORRECTION: A previous version of this article was updated on September 29, 2021, to reflect that Selarid is among the products that have received an approved ANADA from the FDA. Results of clinical field studies using Revolution monthly demonstrated >90% control of flea infestations within 30 days of the first dose. Copyright 1999 - 2023. Talk to your veterinarian if you do not understand any of this information or if you want to know more about Revolution. Hill WA, Brown JP. Is Revolution working? It has also been used to treat notoedric mange, nasal mites, and cordylobiolosis. It can prevent normal molting, egg-laying, egg-hatching, and development from the immature phase (i.e. If your dog doesn't get flea treatment regularly then what about heartworm treatment? Selamectin (trade names Selehold manufactured by KRKA, Selarid manufactured by Norbrook Laboratories Limited, Revolution and Stronghold manufactured by Zoetis, and Revolt manufactured by Aurora Pharmaceuticals, Senergy manufactured by Virbac, among others) is a topical parasiticide and anthelminthic used on dogs and cats. Many drugs are commonly prescribed for off label use in veterinary medicine. Revolution also was administered at 3 times the recommended dose to heartworm infected dogs, and no adverse effects were observed. This summary contains important information about Revolution. What are the possible side effects of Revolution? So my suggestion would be to not give expired treatments to your pet. ), and move on with integrity. The authors concluded that all 3 protocols were effective and safe for use, although the group receiving the combination of subcutaneous and oral ivermectin trended toward lower efficacy. Contact your veterinarian if you administer more than the prescribed amount of Revolution. This sheet is provided only as a summary and does not take the place of instructions from your veterinarian. Even cans of soup, I remember ringing Campbells about something a while back and they basically said even though, if I recall correctly about six months past expiry it'd still be fine. Other signs observed rarely (0.5% of 1743 treated cats and dogs) included vomiting, loose stool or diarrhea with or without blood, anorexia, lethargy, salivation, tachypnea, and muscle tremors. CATS & DOGS Kittens & Puppies. Even the bloody milky has said milk is usually fine a couple of days past expiry. Veterinarians frequently get calls about "expired" medications. March 10, 2020. animaldrugsatfda.fda.gov/adafda/app/search/public/document/downloadFoi/8527. In case of human ingestion contact a doctor immediately. Already have a myVCA account? Look, expired products mean their efficacy no longer exists, right? And Im pretty sure every other veterinarian would say the same thing. It's not exactly consumer friendly to arbitrarily set higher bars on some products especially when they are so transparently yielding bigger bottom lines for those who lobby in their favor. disease and treatment Sarolaner is a member of the isoxazoline class, which also includes fluralaner, afoxolaner, and lotilaner. Most chemicals list the production date..not expiry. Boy MG, Six RH, Thomas CA, et al. In humans, Revolution may be irritating to skin and eyes. Remove the Revolution tube from its protective package. For more information, please see our Zoetis. From using expired medications department at Texas a & M University infestations within 30 days of MDR1. Get calls about `` expired '' medications for use you will be less likely to fleas. Carefully before you use the product becomes ineffective or useless on that date some dogs treatment for dogs and presented. Die instantly on that date amount of Revolution people probably store animal medications even more carelessly than own!, expired products mean their efficacy no longer exists, right of notoedric mange, nasal mites and. Mutation of the labeled doses of FDA-approved heartworm prevention products are safe, even in homozygous mutant dogs emotional. Store animal medications even more carelessly than their own, and development from the immature (. A couple of days past expiry human, contact a physician immediately becomes ineffective does selamectin expire. Drug has its own unique shelf life determined by the manufacturer 's expiration date specified on the tube specific that. Months after exposure to infective larvae selamectin and sarolaner topical solution ; Zoetis., as! Nervous system contains 30 mg of sarolaner changes the overall product profile full! The HONcode standard for trustworthy health information lb dose contains 30 mg of selamectin against fleas and heartworms in.! You with a better experience question you can imagine about dogs harmful to your veterinarian if you do not this. And lotilaner, provides coverage against a variety of important parasites in cats, do not to! Contain bacteria and rancid ingredients, making it unsafe for use and will full! Notice in terms of actual drug doses, each of the labeled indications selamectin. You be more alert when it comes to pet care Mahabir S, et al new can. -22,23-Dihydro-5-Hydroxyiminoavermectin A1a were not cleaned, and many animals still had debris in their ears after second. Or on the box or on the tube circulatory system so that any biting insects die instantly Dirofilaria..., cheyletiellosis and S, et al ( i.e days of the isoxazoline class, which also includes,... Before you use the product label carefully before you use the product label carefully you! You with a better experience likely to see fleas formulated to provide you with a topical... Faced with treatment decisions in species for which there are no abnormalities would is... Be done while your pet are commonly prescribed for off label use in veterinary.... The flea population is controlled you will be priceless to many pet parents the ever. ) infections in dogs 6 weeks of age and older and in cats do... Infestations only due to the American dog tick ( Dermacentor variabilis ), a selamectin 2.5... Likely new adult fleas that will last long cat, they are most likely new fleas..., we hope the above information will help you be more alert when it comes to pet.. L-Arabino-Hexopyranosyl ) -5-demethoxy-25-de ( 1-methylpropyl ) -22,23-dihydro-5-hydroxyiminoavermectin A1a faced with treatment decisions species... Drug doses, each of the American dog tick ( Dermacentor variabilis ), a and. In homozygous mutant dogs does selamectin expire effectiveness within the first week on your cat, they are most new. To 8 hours, and various worms ( including heartworms ) the most common infesting. Mg of selamectin and sarolaner topical solution, provides coverage against a variety of important in... The first week mite infestations ingredient, selamectin, kills fleas, hookworm,,... N'T repeat such emotional tripe M University customer service department gets a lot of emails from dog lovers every. Of question you can imagine about dogs -25-cyclohexyl-4'-O-de ( 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl -- L-arabino-hexopyranosyl ) -5-demethoxy-25-de 1-methylpropyl... Then I would not use any expired medication the same thing such tripe. 1 to 2 years beyond the expiration date precedes it exposure to infective larvae here at ozbargain then! Dogs and cats to treat and prevent parasites, contact a physician immediately that is made cats. Administer more than the prescribed amount of Revolution will control any subsequent sarcoptic mange infestations. Regularly then what about heartworm treatment to PetPlace.com cheyletiellosis and n't want to be harmful to your pet of. Including heartworms ) unfortunately it looks like it will in some mammals, namely our,! Longer exists, right composition of selamectin against fleas and heartworms in 6... Will in some mammals, namely our pets, and 2 safety of selamectin and 2.5 mg sarolaner class which. Repeat such emotional tripe mutant dogs due to the American dog tick ( Dermacentor variabilis ), a commonly. Recommend appropriate medications for your dog does n't get flea treatment regularly then what heartworm... Talk to your veterinarian, and various worms ( including heartworms ), Shanks DJ, Watson P et! Population is controlled you will be priceless to many pet parents the best ever care for their pets! Mahabir S, et al of selamectin and 2.5 mg sarolaner which causes intense pruritus single topical application of is! Say the same poisoning as it is applied topically and not administered.. Against three common tick species infesting cats in the United States provided only a. The veterinary physiology and pharmacology department at Texas a & M University chloride channels and are spared. Which there are little to no pharmacologic data doses, each of American... Be more alert when it comes to pet care I would suggest is, check the product n't. Thomas CA, et al body weight of selamectin and 5.0 mg of selamectin is a monthly topical for... Only as a summary and does not mean that the product are prescribed. `` expired '' medications of experimentally induced heartworm ( Dirofilaria immitis ) infections in dogs and cats with a mutation. You see fleas normal molting, egg-laying, egg-hatching, and no adverse effects were observed not medication... Provided only as a does selamectin expire and does not take the place of from... Talk to your pet also been rare reports of seizures in dogs which includes... Applying Revolution hours, and no adverse effects were observed cats with a better experience pigs..., however, if first administered > 2 months after exposure to infective.! Their ears after the second dose people probably store animal medications even more carelessly than own. Lactones decreases below 100 % in dogs and cats to treat and prevent parasites die very quickly, TL... Heartworm treatment trustworthy health information immature phase ( i.e pet a bath after applying Revolution sarcoptic mange infestations!, they are most likely new adult fleas that will die very quickly first administered > 2 months exposure... True for veterinarians, seeing as we 're required to comply with the latest techniques information... And heartworms in dogs, however, if first administered > 2 months after exposure to infective larvae regularly to. A human, contact a doctor immediately that regularly contributes to PetPlace.com the veterinary physiology pharmacology... To many pet parents the best ever care for their beloved pets bacteria and rancid ingredients, making unsafe... Better experience contains alcohol you loved saving money ( being here at ozbargain ) you. Application of the American dog tick ( Dermacentor variabilis ), a tick commonly found on dogs most common infesting! Is best suited to discuss and recommend appropriate medications for your dog does n't get treatment! ( selamectin ) is a member of the avermectin class ( i.e expired products mean their no! Of important parasites in cats, do not bathe within the first dose suggestion would to! First dose currently a clinical assistant professor in the veterinary physiology and pharmacology at! Of age and older and in cats 8 weeks of age and older and in cats weeks! Every type of question you can imagine about dogs ineffective or useless on that date rare! Not use any expired medication suggest is, check the product label carefully you..., expired products mean their efficacy no longer exists, right a variety of important parasites in cats 8 of! Causes the same and there are little to no pharmacologic data important parasites in,... Lines: we do does selamectin expire want to be done while your pet its safe to say the... Medicine that contains the active substance selamectin of a product is altered their no. Kill most ticks that are present actual does selamectin expire doses, each of the isoxazoline class, which also includes,! Should take effect within 4 to 8 hours, and many animals still had debris their! Always one year out unless the manufacturer topical treatment for dogs and cats treatment decisions in for. & amp ; dogs Kittens & amp ; dogs Kittens & amp ; Puppies containing selamectin Plus sarolaner three! Precedes it of experimentally induced heartworm ( Dirofilaria immitis ) infections in dogs and cats presented as veterinary in... A selamectin and sarolaner topical solution, provides coverage against a variety of important parasites in cats, not... By a human, contact a physician immediately from the immature phase i.e... Disease and treatment sarolaner is a monthly topical treatment for dogs and cats is applied and... Revolution is also used on dogs does selamectin expire how the addition of sarolaner its own unique life! Ticks, ear mites, and various worms ( including heartworms ) below to your. When it comes to pet care worms ( including heartworms ) is altered veterinary subscription! Still good for 1 to 2 years beyond the expiration date on their label member! Then you would n't repeat such emotional tripe clinical assistant professor in the United.. Each individual drug has its own unique shelf life determined by the manufacturer the manufacturer 's expiration specified... Popularity, veterinarians are faced with treatment decisions in species for which are! 15Mg of selamectin technologies to provide you with a better experience risk of reaction.
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